Panorama of Emergency Medicine
type: channel
description: Panorama of Emergency Medicine PoEM is an international peer-reviewed independent journal dedicated to advancing knowledge and practice in emergency medicine.
publisher: New Health Concept
language: en
publication name: Panorama of Emergency Medicine
issn: 3006-0966
items: Beyond the Checklist: A Scaffolded, Experiential Learning Framework for Medical Rescue Simulation (Part 1 of 2)
items: The Burden of Road Traffic Injuries: A Global Perspective
items: Knowledge and Stigma Regarding HIV and Homosexuality: An Exploratory Survey of Responding Physicians in Lebanon
items: The Digital Stethoscope: Harnessing Artificial Intelligence in Pediatric Emergency Medicine
items: Proceedings of the Qatar Paediatric Emergency Medicine 2026 Conference - Selected Abstracts
items: Literature review of the use of simulation for the training of paramedics in relation to caring for pediatric patients
items: Diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound findings for distinguishing complicated appendicitis from simple appendicitis in pediatric patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis
items: Development and Implementation of a Prehospital Paediatric Sepsis Screening Tool: Enhancing Early Recognition, Resuscitation, and Referral
items: Impact of Interprofessional Simulation-Based Training on Enhancing Non-Technical Skills and Team Readiness in Pediatric Resuscitation
items: Enhancing Paediatric & Adult Resuscitation Performance Through Flowchart Driven Targeted Training in the Critical First Five Minutes
items: Risk Factors of Peri-intubation Cardiac Arrest in Critically Ill Pediatric Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department of a Low-Middle-Income Country: A Case-Control Study
items: The Emergence of Excellence: Proposing the Paediatric Transport Reflective Improvement and Simulation-based Education (PaeTRISE) Framework for the Western Cape, South Africa
items: Reversal of Bradycardia through Nutritional Rehabilitation in Paediatric Anorexia Nervosa: A Retrospective Study from Qatar
items: All for one and one for all: Scaling mountains for a good cause. SDG 4: quality education awareness campaign
items: Unilateral optic disc swelling: an atypical presentation for a large frontal meningioma
items: Peritoneal carcinomatosis presenting as a mimic for DVT
items: Elderly patient with late diagnosed metastatic bone lytic lesions
items: The Killer Wound; Early Diagnosis and Management of Necrotizing Fasciitis Utilizing Point-of-Care Ultrasound: A Case Repor
items: Assessment of Relatives’ Satisfaction in the Emergency Department
items: Admission Criteria and Successful Care of Adults in a Tertiary Care Pediatric Hospital During the COVID-19 Pandemic
items: Adherence to Screening Recommendations for Diabetic Nephropathy in Lebanese Patients With Diabetes
items: Spinal Rosai-Dorfman Disease with Isolated Severe Neuropathic Pain: A Case Report
items: Post-COVID-19 Kawasaki-Like Vasculitis and Endocarditis: A Case Report
items: Hippocampus infarct following a posterior cerebral artery occlusion
items: Subarachnoid hemorrhage associated with ecstasy abuse in a young adult: a case report
items: Mpox: Understanding the Outbreak
items: The Epidemiology of Syphilis and Co-infection with HIV in a Tertiary Care Center in Lebanon: A Retrospective Review
items: Bacteriophage-Based Treatment in Infectious Diseases: What Do We Know So Far? A Narrative Review
items: Quality of life following Covid-19 vaccination in Lebanese adults
items: Influenza Associated Pulmonary Aspergillosis: A Retrospective Study from a Tertiary Care Center in Lebanon

Beyond the Checklist: A Scaffolded, Experiential Learning Framework for Medical Rescue Simulation (Part 1 of 2)
type: item
description: The effective training of Technical Rescue Specialists (TRS) for high-stakes dynamic environments requires a sophisticated pedagogical approach. This article introduces a comprehensive framework for Simulation-based Education (SBE) designed to elevate Medical Rescue Simulation (MRS). The framework is built upon four interconnected pillars: Foundational Learning Theory, Systematic Skill Scaffolding, Integrated Physical Preparedness, and Stringent Safety Protocols. This article will concentrate specifically on Kolb's learning cycles and the principles of scaffolding. Grounded in Kolb's Experiential Learning Cycle, the framework ensures that learning moves beyond rote memorisation to foster deep understanding and adaptive expertise. The core pedagogical strategy involves scaffolding complex medical rescue procedures, by deconstructing them into isolated, manageable skills. Students’ progress through scenarios of increasing fidelity and complexity, from low-fidelity drills and Visually Enhanced Mental Rescue Simulations (VEMRS) to immersive, high-fidelity exercises, that mirror real-world pressures. This structured progression manages cognitive load, and is designed to cultivate the "emergence" of proficient practice by ensuring foundational competencies are robustly established, thereby preventing the "absence" of critical skills in high-stakes situations. Introduction The effective training of Technical Rescue Specialists (TRS) within higher education institutions, particularly in the demanding and high-stakes context of medical rescue operations, requires a pedagogically sound and integrated approach. These environments are characterised by dynamic, unpredictable scenarios that demand not only technical proficiency but also rapid decision-making, physical endurance, and cohesive teamwork [1]. In response to these challenges, Simulation-based Education (SBE) has emerged as a cornerstone methodology, offering a controlled yet realistic platform for the development of c…
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Core discipline & systems
  topic: category
subject: Emergency Medicine
  topic: category
subject: Rescue
  topic: keywords
subject: Simulation-based Education
  topic: keywords
subject: Kolb’s Cycle
  topic: keywords
subject: Experiential Learning
  topic: keywords
subject: High Angle
  topic: keywords
subject: Medical Rescue Simulation
  topic: keywords
subject: Scaffolding
  topic: keywords
subject: Technical Rescue Specialist
  topic: keywords
subject: Visually Enhanced Mental Rescue Simulation
  topic: keywords
creator: Athenkosi Sobada
creator: John Meyer
creator: Elroy Cameron
creator: Glenhael Carolus
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Athenkosi Sobada, John Meyer, Elroy Cameron, Glenhael Carolus (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-19
publication date: 2026-04-19
doi: 10.26738/poem.v4i1.3

The Burden of Road Traffic Injuries: A Global Perspective
type: item
description: Introduction Road Traffic Injury (RTI) pose a significant health challenge. It represents the eighth leading cause of death globally, prompting the UN to designate 2011-2020 as the “Decade of Action for Road Safety”. This study aims to determine the global and regional burden of RTIs, and the impact of drink-driving and seatbelt-wearing on RTIs in 2017, while also assessing the UN Action Plan outcomes and forecasting the RTI rate for 2029. Methods Data on the global and regional RTI rates (2000-2019), regional seatbelt use (2017), and regional drink-driving (2017) were compiled from the Global Health Observatory Estimates. The investigated key metrics are global and regional RTI rate per 100,000 population in 2000-2019, percentage of regional seatbelt-wearing, drink-driving RTIs, and enforced seatbelt and drink-driving laws in 2017. Results This study reveals a heterogenous regional distribution of road traffic injuries in 2017. Africa sustained the highest RTI rate (27.6/100,000 population), while Europe reported the lowest rate (10.98/100,000 population). Regional variation in seatbelt laws exists, with the highest legalization in Europe (100%), and the lowest in Western Pacific (80.95%). Eastern Mediterranean (87.43%) and South-East Asia (46.8%) reported the highest and lowest driver seatbelt-wearing rates, respectively. All countries, except the Maldives, legislated drink-driving laws. Western Pacific (29.98%) and Eastern Mediterranean (1.65%) suffer from the highest and lowest burden of drink-driving RTI, respectively. Conclusion Despite a relatively stable global RTI rate from 2011-2020 and a steady decline till 2029, the future trajectory remains uncertain in developing countries bearing the highest burden, due to slow national law enforcement, rendering the UN Action Plan insufficient in curbing the burden of RTIs. INTRODUCTION Road traffic injury (RTI) is a major global health challenge, impacting millions of individuals worldwide [1]. With approximately 20…
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Core discipline & systems
  topic: category
subject: Triage & First Response
  topic: category
subject: Trauma & injury
  topic: category
subject: Wounds and Injuries
  topic: category
subject: Multiple and Poly- Trauma
  topic: category
subject: Public Health Emergencies
  topic: category
subject: Policy Shaping
  topic: category
subject: Road Safety
  topic: category
subject: General Public Health Education
  topic: category
subject: Road Traffic Injury
  topic: keywords
subject: Health Policy
  topic: keywords
subject: Epidemiology
  topic: keywords
subject: Global Health
  topic: keywords
subject: UN Decade of Action Plan
  topic: keywords
creator: Johny El-Achkar
creator: Maya El-Gharib
creator: Nesrine Ahmad
creator: Samar Al-Hajj
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Johny El-Achkar, Maya El-Gharib, Nesrine Ahmad, Samar Al-Hajj (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-06
publication date: 2026-04-06
doi: 10.26738/poem.v4i1.2

Knowledge and Stigma Regarding HIV and Homosexuality: An Exploratory Survey of Responding Physicians in Lebanon
type: item
description: Background HIV remains a major public health challenge in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), where stigma against people with HIV (PWH) and men who have sex with men (MSM) hinders access to care. In Lebanon, little is known about physicians’ current knowledge, attitudes, and willingness to provide care for PWH. Methods We conducted an exploratory online survey of all Lebanese physicians registered with the Ministry of Public Health, distributed in four waves between 2023 and 2025. The 58-item questionnaire assessed HIV knowledge, attitudes toward PWH and homosexual colleagues, willingness to provide medical care, and practices related to sexual history and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Out of 4,331 emails, 760 were invalid and 127 physicians responded (3.2%). Results Interpretation is limited by a low response rate, and findings should be considered for hypothesis generation rather than prevalence estimates. Respondents were mostly male (63%), with varied specialties and practice settings. Knowledge of HIV transmission was generally high, though gaps were identified: 54% did not recognize breastmilk as a transmission route, 20% were unaware of confidential testing facilities, and only 64% knew that PrEP prevents transmission. While 86% were willing to medically examine PWH and over 90% would perform minor or major procedures, 29% believed physicians have the right to refuse care due to fear of infection. Stigmatizing attitudes were also noted, where 13% would not buy food from PWH, 33% would not allow their child to play with PWH, and 39% would not accept surgery from a surgeon living with HIV. Regarding homosexuality, 10–12% opposed accepting homosexual applicants to medical training or granting them practicing privileges. Most respondents (61%) did not routinely take sexual histories, and 84% had never prescribed PrEP, while 96% agreed on the need for further education. Conclusion In this exploratory sample, respondents had adequate HIV knowledge, but sig…
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Core discipline & systems
  topic: category
subject: Emergency Medicine
  topic: category
subject: Specific Needs Patients & Elderlies
  topic: category
creator: Hilal Abdessamad
creator: Zeinab Roumieh
creator: Jacques E. Mokhbat
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 The Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-06
publication date: 2026-04-06
doi: 10.26738/poem.v4i1.6

The Digital Stethoscope: Harnessing Artificial Intelligence in Pediatric Emergency Medicine
type: item
description: Dear Editor, Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly recognized as a transformative force in healthcare, with Pediatric Emergency Medicine (PEM) standing to benefit significantly from its adoption. Children often present with subtle, atypical signs, making timely recognition of critical illness challenging. AI-driven tools are being applied in triage, predictive monitoring, diagnostic imaging, and resuscitation support, while also enhancing education through simulation and personalized learning. For global health, AI offers opportunities to reduce disparities by extending decision support to resource-limited settings. However, challenges such as data bias, ethical oversight, and the need for clinician training remain critical considerations. AI should be viewed not as a replacement for pediatric emergency physicians but as an augmentation of human expertise, amplifying decision-making, enhancing safety, and expanding access to quality care. This letter to the editor reflects on the promise, pitfalls, and potential of AI in PEM, advocating for its thoughtful and equitable integration into practice and education. Why AI matters in pediatrics emergencies Children are unique individuals with dynamic physiology. Their developmental stages influence clinical presentations, and emergencies can quickly become critical. Traditional triage and diagnostic tools, primarily designed for adults, often fail to meet the specific needs of pediatric care [1]. AI offers a transformative solution by providing rapid risk stratification and pattern recognition that surpasses human intuition, all while maintaining clinician oversight. Just as pulse oximetry revolutionized patient monitoring decades ago, AI is poised to become an indispensable tool in pediatric triage. Diagnostics and resuscitation : AI as an ally Machine learning systems are already making strides in predicting sepsis, respiratory failure, and unrecognized deterioration [2, 3]. In the realm of cardiac arrest, AI-driv…
subject: Letter to the Editor
  topic: section
subject: Pediatric Emergency Medicine
  topic: keywords
subject: Artificial Intelligence
  topic: keywords
subject: Simulation
  topic: keywords
subject: Clinical Reasoning
  topic: keywords
subject: Global Health
  topic: keywords
creator: Jabeen Fayyaz
creator: Nordia Thompson-Newell
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-14
publication date: 2026-03-14
doi: 10.26738/poem.v4i1.1

Proceedings of the Qatar Paediatric Emergency Medicine 2026 Conference - Selected Abstracts
type: item
description: Welcome to this issue of Panorama of Emergency Medicine (POEM) dedicated to the 10th Qatar Paediatric Emergency Medicine (Q-PEM) International Conference which was organised and hosted by Sidra Medicine (Doha, Qatar) and held online from January 16 to 18, 2026. Since its first iteration in 2017, Q-PEM has steadily evolved into an international forum for clinicians, educators, and researchers involved in the acute care of children to exchange knowledge, reflect on clinical practice, and share emerging research in paediatric emergency medicine. In 2025, the conference welcomed 2,000 online delegates from 22 countries and the programme included over 55 speakers [1]. Adopting a similar format, with 3 parallel sessions covering different important and contemporary topics, the event proved as popular in its 2026 edition with nearly identical numbers, yet we marked an important milestone for the Q-PEM community. Building on the success of previous years, the meeting again attracted a large international audience with multidisciplinary participation from physicians, nurses, pharmacists, allied health professionals, and trainees involved in paediatric emergency care. Similar to previous editions, the scientific programme combined plenary sessions, focused tracks, and research presentations to provide practical, evidence-based updates relevant to frontline emergency care. The conference was designed to enhance recognition and management of serious illness and injury in children, promote patient safety, and facilitate the translation of evidence into everyday clinical practice. Emergency Medicine is still a relatively young specialty, yet it is important to recognise that it includes a number of subspecialisations with clinicians of different professions each with their specific skill sets and knowledge to match the needs of the distinctive patient groups they care for [2]. Emergency Medicine continues to expand into highly specialized domains requiring multidisciplinary exper…
subject: Editorial
  topic: section
subject: Emergency Medicine
  topic: keywords
subject: Paediatrics
  topic: keywords
subject: Qatar
  topic: keywords
subject: Conference
  topic: keywords
subject: Call for abstracts
  topic: keywords
creator: Guillaume Alinier
creator: Muthukumar Sakthivel
creator: Syed Haris Huda
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-14
publication date: 2026-03-14
doi: 10.26738/poem.v4i2.9

Literature review of the use of simulation for the training of paramedics in relation to caring for pediatric patients
type: item
description: Background Paramedics face unique challenges when managing paediatric emergencies due to limited clinical exposure, insufficient training, the unpredictable prehospital environment, and scarce resources [1]. These factors increase anxiety and medical error risk, especially during rare, high-stakes events [2]. Simulation-based education (SBE) provides a safe, controlled environment that bridges the gap between knowledge and practice by allowing learners to rehearse decision-making and technical skills. Aim This review assesses the current state of paediatric simulation literature, evaluates the effectiveness of SBE in paramedic training using the Kirkpatrick evaluation framework, and identifies directions for future research. Methods A comprehensive search was conducted across PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL, ERIC, and Scopus for studies published between 2003 and 2023, using keywords and MeSH terms related to paramedics, prehospital care, paediatrics, and simulation. The review followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines, and methodological quality was appraised using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklists. Studies were categorised according to the four Kirkpatrick levels. Findings A total of 227 articles were identified, and upon removing duplicates, 184 were screened, and 60 were assessed for eligibility, following which 46 were excluded. In the remaining 14 studies, the use of SBE was generally reported to have had a positive impact on paramedics’ confidence and competence in performing several procedures (Table 1). Several studies reported that paramedics often felt uncomfortable providing care to children, made fewer errors, and wished they had more such training opportunities. No studies reported on how the training interventions contributed to improving actual patient care to fulfil the criteria of Kirkpatrick level 4. The full details of the findings have recently been reported [3]. Conclusion Simulation shows promise in improving paramedics' readiness for paediatric emergenci…
subject: Abstract
  topic: section
subject: Simulation
  topic: keywords
subject: Paediatrics
  topic: keywords
subject: Pre-hospital
  topic: keywords
subject: Paramedic
  topic: keywords
subject: Emergency Medical Service
  topic: keywords
creator: Anan K Al Badawi
creator: Bahaeddin Tomeh
creator: Nandini Alinier
creator: Guillaume Alinier
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-14
publication date: 2026-03-14
doi: 10.26738/poem.v4i2.6

Diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound findings for distinguishing complicated appendicitis from simple appendicitis in pediatric patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis
type: item
description: Background Acute appendicitis is the most common surgical emergency in children. While up to 85% of pediatric appendicitis cases are uncomplicated, the rate of complicated appendicitis can be significant, ranging from approximately 30% overall to as high as 50–75% in certain cohorts [1]. Ultrasound (US) is a first-line imaging modality, yet its diagnostic performance in accurately identifying these complications remains uncertain [2]. Methods Following PRISMA [3], we searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus from inception. Risk of bias was assessed with QUADAS-2. Bivariate random effect model pooled sensitivity and specificity; heterogeneity was summarized using I² and Q; small-study effects were evaluated using Deeks’ test. Clinical utility was illustrated using a Fagan nomogram, and overall accuracy was assessed using a summary receiver-operating characteristic (SROC) curve. Results Twenty-one studies met the inclusion criteria. Nearly all procedures were conducted by specialists or residents in radiology. The age range for the pediatric population was between 0 to 18 years old. Pooled US sensitivity for identifying complicated appendicitis was 0.52 (95% CI 0.41–0.62), and specificity was 0.90 (0.84–0.94) (Figure 1). The area under the curve was 0.80 (0.76–0.83) (Figure 2), and the summary operating point mirrored the pooled estimates. Deeks’ test suggested no significant asymmetry (p=0.08). Assuming a pre-test probability of 25%, a positive US result (LR+ = 5) increased the post-test probability to ~64%, whereas a negative result (LR–=0.54) reduced it to ~15%. Conclusion In pediatric appendicitis, US demonstrates high specificity but moderate sensitivity for discriminating complicated from simple disease. A positive scan can “rule in” complication and support expedited, targeted management; a negative scan cannot exclude complication and should be interpreted alongside clinical findings, laboratory data, and, when indicated, adjunct imaging. Future stu…
subject: Abstract
  topic: section
subject: Pediatrics
  topic: keywords
subject: Complicated appendicitis
  topic: keywords
subject: Ultrasound
  topic: keywords
subject: Diagnostic accuracy
  topic: keywords
creator: Mansoureh Fatahi
creator: Ramin Shahidi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-14
publication date: 2026-03-14
doi: 10.26738/poem.v4i2.8

Development and Implementation of a Prehospital Paediatric Sepsis Screening Tool: Enhancing Early Recognition, Resuscitation, and Referral
type: item
description: Background Paediatric sepsis remains a leading cause of preventable morbidity and mortality, contributing to 11 million deaths annually, including 1.2 million children [1, 2]. Early recognition is critical, yet prehospital identification is hindered by subtle presentations, age-related physiological variability, and limited diagnostic capability [1, 3]. Currently, no validated prehospital paediatric sepsis screening tool exists. The aim of this project was to develop and implement an evidence-based prehospital paediatric sepsis screening tool for paramedics. Methods The development process included a targeted literature review and formal stakeholder engagement with Hamad Medical Corporation Ambulance Service (HMCAS) and Sidra Medicine. The iterative tool refinement was informed by international guidelines, aligned with Sidra Medicine pathways, and adapted to support HMCAS clinical practice guidelines. Age-specific physiological thresholds were calibrated using Advanced Paediatrc Life Support vital-sign parameters within the sepsis context. Implementation was supported by a blended educational model comprising 4 hours of online preparatory modules, 7 hours of face-to-face workshops, and simulation-enhanced active learning sessions. Results The final screening tool integrated infection-risk assessment, high-risk clinical criteria, age-specific vital-sign thresholds, and key physiological indicators, supported by an algorithm (Figure 1). A corresponding prehospital sepsis care bundle (Figure 2) was incorporated to standardise timely recognition, intervention, and escalation, aligned with the “Sepsis Golden Hour” and “Sepsis 6” principles [1, 3]. Clinical validation and alignment were provided through expert review by paediatric sepsis specialists from Sidra Medicine. Case-based learning, deliberate practice, and simulations supported the application of the tool for operational practice. Conclusion The Prehospital Paediatric Sepsis Screening Tool was successfully develo…
subject: Abstract
  topic: section
subject: Paediatric sepsis
  topic: keywords
subject: Screening tool
  topic: keywords
subject: Early Recognition
  topic: keywords
subject: Prehospital Sepsis Care
  topic: keywords
subject: Paramedic Education
  topic: keywords
creator: Vernon Naidoo
creator: Rasha Ashour
creator: Ahmed Gueddes
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-14
publication date: 2026-03-14
doi: 10.26738/poem.v4i2.7

Impact of Interprofessional Simulation-Based Training on Enhancing Non-Technical Skills and Team Readiness in Pediatric Resuscitation
type: item
description: Background Effective pediatric resuscitation relies on both technical proficiency and non-technical skills, including leadership, communication, and teamwork [1]. These skills enhance role clarity, situational awareness, and coordinated interprofessional responses under pressure [2]. Combined with technical performance, they improve outcomes, build confidence, and foster collaboration. Simulation-based training provides a structured environment to strengthen decision-making, task delegation, and closed-loop communication [3]. This study assessed the impact of interprofessional simulation-based pediatric resuscitation training on non-technical skills and team readiness. Methods A pre/post interventional study was conducted at Al Wakra Hospital over 10 months starting December 2024, included 75 participants, comprising physicians and pediatric nurses, who were randomized into 12 teams with a designated leader for each team. 2.5-3 hours program following Advanced Life Support Group (ALSG) Guidelines, included a 1-hour interactive presentation and 1.5-2 hours of simulation scenarios, with 2–3 leaders trained per session with their teams. Each leader led a 10-15-minute pediatric resuscitation scenario with structured debriefing and faculty feedback. Pre-training scores were collected immediately before, and post-training scores after completion of entire mass training. Outcomes were measured using a validated 30-item non-technical skills checklist scored by independent observers with each item rated as 1 if demonstrated and 0 if not demonstrated (maximum possible score = 30), covering leadership, teamwork, and communication. Team readiness was assessed by post-training self-reported survey. Pre–post differences were analyzed with Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results Descriptive and inferential data analysis of normalized mean scores (0–1 scale, with 1 representing the maximum possible score: leadership = 10, teamwork = 14, communication = 6) demonstrated significant improv…
subject: Abstract
  topic: section
subject: Pediatric Resuscitation
  topic: keywords
subject: Interprofessional Simulation
  topic: keywords
subject: Simulation-based Training
  topic: keywords
subject: Non-technical Skills
  topic: keywords
subject: Teamwork and Communication
  topic: keywords
creator: Mohamed Elsayed Saad Aboudonya
creator: Fatma Serag Elayouti
creator: Aseel Abujubbeh
creator: Khaled Sayed El Shafey
creator: Ghadeer Mraweh Mohammad Mustafa
creator: Shihab M. Ameen
creator: Emad Ali Hamad Almomani
creator: Princess Mary Sebastian
creator: Lorna Cynthia Lorenzo
creator: John Tobin
creator: Nina Rachel Reyes-Arbo
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-14
publication date: 2026-03-14
doi: 10.26738/poem.v4i2.5

Enhancing Paediatric & Adult Resuscitation Performance Through Flowchart Driven Targeted Training in the Critical First Five Minutes
type: item
description: Background Early recognition of cardiac arrest and delivery of high-quality early resuscitation are critical for survival [1]. Performance during this phase remains inconsistent in healthcare settings [2]. Simulation-based multidisciplinary team (MDT) training has shown superior outcomes compared to traditional lecturing, especially when monitored by measurable key performance indicators (KPIs) [3]. Data collected by Resuscitation Officers from the Hamad International Training Centre revealed KPIs not being met (Table 1), prompting a revised training method at Hamad Medical Corporation’s (HMC) hospitals, in Qatar. This study aimed to evaluate the introduction of a MDT training program integrating response algorithms emphasizing the first five minutes on resuscitation KPIs in simulated clinical settings. Methods A pre-/post-intervention study was conducted with 80 participants randomly allocated from newly formed MDT as per the shift roster at a newly opened HMC hospital providing diverse services. Each MDT consisted of two physicians and six nurses with defined roles, all with over 5 years of post-registration experience and qualified in Immediate Life Support or Paediatric Life Support. (European Resuscitation Committee 2021 guidelines). Performance was evaluated before and after the introduction of the revised training model. The initial sessions were skills-based (90 minutes of Basic Life Support airway and defibrillation) followed by a cardiac arrest simulation (30 minutes), latter sessions of the same duration were entirely simulation-based with coaching and emphasis on rapid assessment, timely recognition, and prompt initiation of interventions within the first five minutes of collapse, reinforced by the implementation of response algorithms (Figure 1). Data collection focused on six KPIs (Table 1). Results Implementation of the MDT training program and response pathway algorithms replacing solely skills training, resulted in improvements across all KPIs (Tabl…
subject: Abstract
  topic: section
subject: Resuscitation
  topic: keywords
subject: Training
  topic: keywords
subject: Simulation
  topic: keywords
subject: Qatar
  topic: keywords
subject: First 5 minutes
  topic: keywords
creator: Peter Arrowsmith
creator: Mohamed Elsayed Saad Aboudonya
creator: Khalid Abdulnoor Saifeldeen
creator: John Tobin
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-14
publication date: 2026-03-14
doi: 10.26738/poem.v4i2.4

Risk Factors of Peri-intubation Cardiac Arrest in Critically Ill Pediatric Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department of a Low-Middle-Income Country: A Case-Control Study
type: item
description: Background Peri-intubation cardiac arrest is defined as cardiac arrest that occurs within 20 minutes of airway management [1]. Incidence in the pediatric population ranges from 0.7% to 1.7% [2, 3]. Identifying pre-intubation risk factors may improve preparedness and outcomes during emergency intubations. This study aims to identify clinical and physiological predictors associated with peri-intubation cardiac arrest in pediatric patients undergoing emergency airway management in a tertiary care emergency department. Methods A retrospective case-control study was conducted at the emergency department of a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan, from January 2019 to June 2023. Pediatric patients (<18years) who experienced cardiac arrest within 20 minutes of intubation were included as cases. For each case, four controls were randomly selected from the same cohort who were intubated without arrest. Pre-intubation clinical data, laboratory parameters, and vital signs were analyzed. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify independent predictors of peri-intubation cardiac arrest. Results A total of 125 pediatric patients were included, 25 cases and 100 controls. Multivariate analysis identified several independent predictors of peri-intubation cardiac arrest. Age less than one year (aOR:10.97; p=0.028), hypoxemia (SpO₂<92%) (aOR:5.48; p=0.047), elevated heart rate (aOR:2.88; p=0.029), low systolic blood pressure (aOR:6.16; p=0.043), elevated shock index (≥1.2) (aOR:5.52; p=0.046), modified shock index ≥1.3 (aOR:11.11; p=0.048), lactate ≥2 mmol/L (aOR:15.64; p=0.023), and capillary refill time >3 seconds (aOR:7.55; p=0.042), were found to be independent predictors of peri-intubation cardiac arrest (Table 1). Conclusion Pre-intubation physiological instability is strongly associated with peri-intubation cardiac arrest in pediatric patients. Early recognition of high-risk features such as hypoxemia, tachycardia, hypotension, elevated lactate levels, delaye…
subject: Abstract
  topic: section
subject: Peri-intubation
  topic: keywords
subject: Cardiac arrest
  topic: keywords
subject: Emergency Department
  topic: keywords
subject: Pediatric
  topic: keywords
subject: Risk factors
  topic: keywords
creator: Noman Ali
creator: Erum Shakeel
creator: Ahmed Raheem
creator: Hania Ather
creator: Surriya Bano
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-14
publication date: 2026-03-14
doi: 10.26738/poem.v4i2.3

The Emergence of Excellence: Proposing the Paediatric Transport Reflective Improvement and Simulation-based Education (PaeTRISE) Framework for the Western Cape, South Africa
type: item
description: Background: Inter-facility transport of critically ill children in the Western Cape, in South Africa, poses significant risks, often contributing to preventable morbidity.1 While specialised teams exist, many transfers are undertaken by non-specialist personnel. South African literature confirms this gap, noting that paediatric critical care retrieval is often absent as a formal, stand-alone course in tertiary curricula and that transfers are handled by personnel with variable baseline training.2 This lack of standardised, continuous professional development creates a gap between theoretical knowledge and clinical application. Methods: We developed the Paediatric Transport Reflective Improvement and Simulation-based Education (PaeTRISE) framework, informed by literature on simulation, reflective practice, and transport medicine. PaeTRISE is founded on two pillars: Reflective Improvement (structured debriefing to critically analyse clinical experiences) and Simulation-based Education (safe practice of high-acuity, low-occurrence events.3 The framework integrates these pillars into a continuous cycle of learning, reflection, and adaptation, tailored to the geo-historical and socio-cultural realities of the Western Cape healthcare system. Results: PaeTRISE has the potential to cultivate emergent excellence. By coupling simulation with reflective practice, it transcends procedural training to enhance adaptive decision-making, teamwork, and resilience. From a critical realist perspective, PaeTRISE functions as a causal mechanism to activate practitioners’ latent capacity. Crucially, it directly addresses the documented absence of a formalised, standardised learning structure for this high-risk activity, proposing a scalable, contextually relevant model for continuous professional development. The explicit integration of reflection and simulation represents a novel contribution to standardising paediatric transport education in South Africa. Conclusion: PaeTRISE offers a …
subject: Abstract
  topic: section
subject: Paediatric Emergency Care
  topic: keywords
subject: Simulation Based Education
  topic: keywords
subject: Reflective Improvement
  topic: keywords
subject: Paediatric Critical Care Transport
  topic: keywords
subject: Inter-facility transport
  topic: keywords
creator: Athenkosi Sobada
creator: John Thomas Meyer
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-14
publication date: 2026-03-14
doi: 10.26738/poem.v4i2.2

Reversal of Bradycardia through Nutritional Rehabilitation in Paediatric Anorexia Nervosa: A Retrospective Study from Qatar
type: item
description: Background Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a severe mental health disorder characterized by persistent energy intake restriction, intense fear of weight gain, and a distorted body image. AN affects nearly every organ system, with the cardiovascular system being affected in up to 80% of cases [1]. AN carries the highest mortality among psychiatric disorders, with sudden cardiac death as a major cause [2]. Bradycardia is the most common cardiovascular manifestation in AN.1 Nutritional rehabilitation reverses these abnormalities, but rapid weight gain can pose risks such as electrolyte imbalance and arrhythmias. Early detection and monitoring of bradycardia are therefore crucial [3]. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study using data from Sidra Medicine and Hamad General Hospital in Qatar. Patients admitted between December 2016 and June 2024 with AN and bradycardia (Heart Rate (HR) <60 beats per minute (bpm)) were included. Patientswith incomplete records were excluded. Ethical approval was obtained from the institutional review board of Sidra Medicine (IRB 1929504). Data were extracted and analyzed by independent reviewers. Results Of 222 screened patients (aged 10–18 years), 46 met the inclusion criteria. The majority were female (91.3%), with a mean age of onset at 14 years and a percentile of median BMI for age (%mBMI) of 9.1% (z-score -2.36) (Table 1). The average admission HR was 49.96bpm, confirming bradycardia as a frequent complication. All patients underwent nutritional rehabilitation with caloric intake starting from around 1200kCal/day and increasing by 200kCal/day/day. At 1–2 weeks follow-up, the mean HR improved significantly to 78.63bpm (Table 1). Figure 1 shows the correlation between %mBMI and the change in HR (R2=0.07, p=0.133). Conclusion This study highlights the burden of bradycardia among adolescents with AN in Qatar. Nutritional rehabilitation was effective in restoring HR, emphasizing the need for early recognition and careful monitoring. Fu…
subject: Abstract
  topic: section
subject: Anorexia Nervosa
  topic: keywords
subject: Bradycardia
  topic: keywords
subject: Nutritional Rehabilitation
  topic: keywords
subject: Eating Disorder(s)
  topic: keywords
subject: Qatar
  topic: keywords
creator: Abdulla Fahmi
creator: Sara Al-Kuwari
creator: Abdurahman Al-Ansari
creator: Sheema Hashem
creator: Madeeha Kamal
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-04
publication date: 2026-03-04
doi: 10.26738/poem.v4i2.1

All for one and one for all: Scaling mountains for a good cause. SDG 4: quality education awareness campaign
type: item
description: How it all started? In the mountains, I discover a profound inner tranquility, revitalizing my mind and fortifying myself to confront life’s obstacles. Hiking has deeply transformed my life, igniting a passion to push the boundaries of my physical capabilities, enabling me to venture further and ascend higher. In 2017, during my inaugural hiking expedition, I seized the opportunity to spotlight the issue of burnout, a struggle I was personally overcoming. Amidst inquiries about how I managed time for training and hiking, I found a platform to raise awareness and advocate for self-care amidst life’s demands.In July 2023, fueled by a Law school course on the significance of international organizations and inspired by the UAE’s designation of 2023 as the year of sustainability, I resolved to amplify awareness around Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3: Health. In the four days leading up to my departure, I delved into research, crafted social media campaigns, and hand-painted banners bearing meaningful messages, each destined to be showcasing varying altitudes throughout my journey. Remarkably, this preparatory work alleviated the stress that typically accompanies summit preparations. It transformed the purpose of my expedition from a solitary pursuit of reaching the peak to a collective endeavor of championing a noble cause. This shift not only mitigated stress but also infused each hiking day with embedded purpose, as I ascended to new altitudes, unveiling campaign banners—a tangible representation of progress and a triumph in itself. Why SDG 4: Quality Education? In January 2024, I proudly attained my Law degree, a decision not taken lightly, especially after completing medical school, obtaining board certification in two demanding specialties, and earning three master’s degrees, all while juggling numerous professional commitments such as speaking engagements, research endeavors, and educational pursuits. The four years spent as a Law student profoundly transforme…
subject: Letter to the Editor
  topic: section
subject: Core discipline & systems
  topic: category
subject: Sustainable development goal
  topic: keywords
subject: quality education
  topic: keywords
subject: good cause
  topic: keywords
subject: emergency medicine
  topic: keywords
subject: burnout
  topic: keywords
subject: mountaineering
  topic: keywords
creator: Ayesha Almemari
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-07-01
publication date: 2025-07-01
doi: 10.26738/poem.v3i1.36

Unilateral optic disc swelling: an atypical presentation for a large frontal meningioma
type: item
description: Intracranial masses pose frequent diagnostic dilemmas for community facing physicians especially in patients presenting with neurological or ophthalmological signs. We describe a case of a large meningioma in a 47-year-old man presenting with left sided optic disc swelling and right visual field disturbance alongside atypical headaches, and mild behavioural disturbance. Neuroimaging demonstrated a large mass with signs of raised intracranial pressure (ICP) and parenchymal herniation. He underwent surgical debulking and biopsy, confirming the suspected diagnosis. Post-operative course was complicated by day one hemiparesis due to venous strokes, with full subsequent motor recovery. Whilst raised ICP is classically thought to cause bilateral optic disc swelling, unilaterality does not exclude this. Careful assessment and use of red flag indicators are therefore needed in determining need for neuroimaging. Declining utility of fundoscopy in non-specialists creates an additional barrier to diagnosis in these presentations and warrants increased research or training to bridge this gap. Introduction Primary brain tumours (BT) are common cancers in those under 65 but are uncommon when pooled across cancers in all ages. Despite this, they demonstrate disproportionately higher morbidity and mortality rates, even among non-malignant cases. Meningiomas represent the commonest non-malignant primary BT, with data from the United States demonstrating that they account for 53% of cases 1. Symptoms associated with intracranial masses include headaches, new focal neurology, visual acuity (VA) changes, persistent vomiting, new onset seizures or behavioural changes (including reduced energy, apathy, executive dysfunction and disinhibition) (2– 4). Symptoms such as these are commonplace, but as BT remain a rare cause each symptom, correctly diagnosing a brain tumour from such symptoms can be troublesome 3. For instance, at least 50% of headaches are attributed to primary causes: tensio…
subject: Case Report
  topic: section
subject: Critical illness & sedation
  topic: category
subject: Meningioma
  topic: keywords
subject: Optic disc swelling
  topic: keywords
subject: Raised intracranial pressure
  topic: keywords
subject: Neuroimaging
  topic: keywords
creator: Pourya Pouryahya
creator: Benjamin Chrisp
creator: Meyer Alastair
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-05-16
publication date: 2025-05-16
doi: 10.26738/poem.v3i1.53

Peritoneal carcinomatosis presenting as a mimic for DVT
type: item
description: Unilateral leg swelling poses a diagnostic challenge with a myriad of potential differential diagnosis, including deep vein thrombosis (DVT), Baker's cyst, and cellulitis. As some of these causes can be benign and easily treatable, other causes may be more severe and even life threatening. This article highlights the critical need for healthcare professionals to expand their differential diagnosis when common causes have been excluded, recognizing that some rare etiologies may signify severe underlying conditions. We present the case of a 55-year-old female with a two-month history of right leg swelling, initially attributed to erysipelas due to negative DVT findings. Upon closer examination, an abdomino-pelvic CT scan revealed diffuse peritoneal carcinomatosis, obstructing the right external iliac vein and elucidating the unilateral lower limb edema. This case focuses the importance of considering atypical causes, especially in patients with a history of cancer, and the potential life-threatening nature of rare etiologies. The article emphasizes the significance of a multidisciplinary approach, comprehensive laboratory assessments, and advanced imaging techniques in achieving accurate and timely diagnoses, ultimately guiding effective patient management. Introduction Unilateral leg swelling can be attributed to various factors, with deep vein thrombosis (DVT), Baker's cyst, and cellulitis being the most prevalent causes. It is particularly crucial for healthcare professionals to promptly diagnose DVT, due to its potential life-threatening complication of pulmonary embolism (1). When ruling out these more common etiologies, it is important to recognize that numerous less common causes of unilateral leg swelling exist, spanning a spectrum from benign to potentially serious conditions. Therefore, clinicians should be mindful of rare etiologies, such as arterial insufficiency, lymphatic or venous obstruction, or systemic diseases like vasculitis (2). Conditions like po…
subject: Case Report
  topic: section
subject: Critical illness & sedation
  topic: category
subject: Unilateral leg swelling
  topic: keywords
subject: Differential diagnosis
  topic: keywords
subject: Peritoneal carcinomatosis
  topic: keywords
subject: Imaging
  topic: keywords
creator: Mahmoud El-Hussein
creator: Cima Hamieh
creator: Patrick Nasrallah
creator: Yara Mouawad
creator: Eric Revue
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-04-08
publication date: 2025-04-08
doi: 10.26738/poem.v3i1.45

Elderly patient with late diagnosed metastatic bone lytic lesions
type: item
description: Low back pain is a frequent reason for emergency department visits, pain management and screening for red flags should be considered for every patient, especially in elderly even with reassuring physical exam. In this case report, we discuss a case of an elderly patient who visited the emergency department many times with low back pain. His physical exam was reassuring. A low suspicion threshold, and a prompt history taking were the keys for diagnosis of bone-destroying lesions with multiple fractures and metastases. The patient had history of liver cirrhosis post hepatitis B, Alpha foetoprotein was high and he was diagnosed with metastatic hepatocarcinoma with extensive bone metastasis. Persistent pain, especially in older adults with progressive back pain, should be thoroughly investigated for serious conditions like bone metastases. Remember the "red flags" for lower back pain and note that physical exams may appear normal even with advanced bone issues. Introduction Acute back pain is one of the main reasons for emergency department (ED) presentations, and constitutes 4.4% of emergency department applications worldwide [1]. Advanced age places the patient at higher risk and requires further investigation [4]. Malignancies and related metastatic bone lesions form a small part of people who present to the emergency department with low back pain [4]. However, it should not be forgotten in elderly people with low back pain [3]. Emergency physicians should utilize red flag screening methods to detect those with serious diseases and, thus, patients who need to be investigated [2,3]. History of malignancy and cancer risk factors are considered among the serious red flags, since bone tissue appears as a frequent region in terms of metastasis. The presence of bone metastases is an indicator of poor prognosis in cancer patients. Prostate and breast cancers frequently metastasize to the skeletal system. Bone metastases occur much more often than primary bone cancers, espec…
subject: Case Report
  topic: section
subject: Critical illness & sedation
  topic: category
subject: Low back pain
  topic: keywords
subject: Metastases
  topic: keywords
subject: Hepatocarcinoma
  topic: keywords
subject: Redflags
  topic: keywords
creator: Mohammed Al-Amri
creator: Kamal Majed
creator: Deena Kodakatill
creator: Guru T. Arun
creator: Mohamed M. Baumy
creator: Adel N. Al-Hariri
creator: Aftab Azad
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-11-21
publication date: 2025-11-21
doi: 10.26738/poem.v3i1.44

The Killer Wound; Early Diagnosis and Management of Necrotizing Fasciitis Utilizing Point-of-Care Ultrasound: A Case Repor
type: item
description: Background: Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is a rapidly progressive and life-threatening infection of the fascia and subcutaneous tissues. Early diagnosis and prompt surgical intervention are critical to reducing morbidity and mortality. This case report highlights the importance of point-of-care ultrasound (PoCUS) in the rapid diagnosis of NF. Case Presentation: A 34-year-old male carpenter presented to the Emergency Department of Casey Hospital, with a 48-hour history of increasing swelling and pain in his right arm and chest. Two weeks prior, he sustained an open wound to his right wrist from a rusty nail. Initial management by his family doctor focused on musculoskeletal injury without antibiotics. On ED presentation, the patient exhibited signs of systemic infection and gross swelling of the right upper limb and chest. PoCUS demonstrated characteristic findings of NF, including cobble stoning and subcutaneous air with dirty shadowing, leading to an expedited surgical consultation and immediate intervention. Management and Outcome: The patient underwent multiple debridements, antibiotic therapy, and hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Post-surgical rehabilitation showed substantial gains in function and mobility. Discussion: This case underscores the crucial role of PoCUS in the early diagnosis and management of NF. PoCUS allows for rapid bedside imaging, enabling timely surgical consultation and intervention, thereby improving patient outcomes. The multidisciplinary approach, involving emergency physicians, surgeons, and intensivists, is essential for optimal management of NF. Conclusion: Early recognition and treatment, facilitated by PoCUS, are key to reducing the high morbidity and mortality. Key Messages * Early surgical intervention and antibiotic therapy are crucial in reducing morbidity and mortality in Necrotizing Fasciitis. * Multidisciplinary coordination is required for patient stabilization and rapid transfer from the Emergency Department to the operating theatr…
subject: Case Report
  topic: section
subject: Critical illness & sedation
  topic: category
subject: Emergency Medicine
  topic: keywords
subject: bacteria
  topic: keywords
subject: Point of Care Ultrasound
  topic: keywords
creator: Pourya Pouryahya
creator: Mikhar Haripersad
creator: Alastair Meyer
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-02-11
publication date: 2025-02-11
doi: 10.26738/poem.v3i1.43

Assessment of Relatives’ Satisfaction in the Emergency Department
type: item
description: Introduction: Emergency departments (EDs) are high-pressure environments where both patients and their relatives face numerous challenges. While patient satisfaction has been widely studied, the satisfaction of relatives remains underexplored, despite their crucial role in supporting patient care and decision-making. Recognizing relatives as key actors in the care process helps improve communication and reduce stress. This study aimed to assess the satisfaction of relatives of patients treated in the ED. Methods: A prospective, descriptive study was conducted at the ED of the Mahmoud Yaacoub Center for Urgent Medical Assistance in Tunis from October 2023 to January 2024. Satisfaction was assessed using a 25-item structured questionnaire. Included participants were adult relatives directly involved in patient care who gave informed consent. Assessed dimensions included reception and management, information provided and overall satisfaction. Results: The study included 165 relatives (mean age 41 ± 13 years, 52.1% female). Relationships included parents (26%), offspring (18.9%), and siblings (14.8%). Overall satisfaction was high: 78% were satisfied with the overall care, 82% with the initial reception, 74% with waiting times, 80% with accessibility, and 77% with information clarity. No significant associations were found between age or education and overall satisfaction. However, relatives from healthcare or paramedical backgrounds showed significantly higher satisfaction (85%) with the registration process compared to non-healthcare relatives (62%) (p = 0.043). Conclusion: The study supports strengthening the involvement of relatives in strategies aimed at improving ED care quality Introduction Emergency Departments (EDs) are high-pressure, overcrowded environments where skilled professionals provide care for critically ill patients [1,2]. The fast-paced, overcrowded, and unfamiliar ED environment can cause stress and frustration for patients and families, often lead…
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Core discipline & systems
  topic: category
subject: Emergency department
  topic: keywords
subject: Health care surveys
  topic: keywords
subject: Family satisfaction
  topic: keywords
creator: Camillia Jeddi
creator: Jihen Sebai
creator: Mohamed Kilani
creator: Hafedh Thabet
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-09-30
publication date: 2025-09-30
doi: 10.26738/poem.v3i1.106

Admission Criteria and Successful Care of Adults in a Tertiary Care Pediatric Hospital During the COVID-19 Pandemic
type: item
description: Objective The study assessed the health outcomes of adult patients admitted on Pediatric Wards and Intensive Care Unit (PICU) of the Montreal Children’s Hospital (MCH) in Canada during the first and second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods This retrospective chart review analyzed data regarding all adult patients hospitalized at the MCH on pediatric units between March 14, 2020 and March 31, 2021. Results Forty (40) adults were admitted to MCH pediatric units. The median age was 28.5 years. There were 26 females and 14 males. The average length of stay (LOS) at the MCH was 6.3 days. There were 32 consultations from adult medical consultants performed at the MCH. Seventeen (17) incident reports were completed. There were no in-hospital deaths, but 6 in-hospital incidents were reported. Within the first seven days post discharge from the pediatric units, 1/24 (4%) patients returned to the adult emergency room and an additional 4 patients (16,6%) returned within 30 days. Conclusion With clear admission criteria, careful planning, and well-planned supportive resources treating adult patients within a pediatric care facility by pediatric care teams, also caring for pediatric patients in the same units, could be considered as a safe contingency plan in a time of crisis. Furthermore, admitting and treating adult patients on several pediatric units (PICU) may provide a larger variety of options for admission of adult patients. Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic put a significant stress on the healthcare systems leading to a shortage of hospital beds and equipment, disproportionally affecting older adults compared to the pediatric population1. In response to the critical rise in adult care demands, and considering that very few children required hospitalization due to COVID-19, innovative collaborations were developed to expand adult care capacity. Pediatric medical staff from children’s hospitals and pediatric centres worldwide stepped up to support their adult collea…
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: ED operations, triage & diagnostics
  topic: category
subject: disaster medicine
  topic: keywords
subject: pediatrics
  topic: keywords
subject: pandemic
  topic: keywords
subject: admission criteria
  topic: keywords
subject: adult patients
  topic: keywords
subject: Emergency Medicine
  topic: keywords
subject: healthcare planning
  topic: keywords
subject: emergency preparedness
  topic: keywords
subject: PICU
  topic: keywords
subject: pediatric ward
  topic: keywords
creator: Valerie Homier
creator: Mylène Dandavino
creator: Tanya Di Genova
creator: Megan Traversy-Drolet
creator: Michael Ferrante
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-09-02
publication date: 2025-09-02
doi: 10.26738/poem.v3i1.96

Adherence to Screening Recommendations for Diabetic Nephropathy in Lebanese Patients With Diabetes
type: item
description: Background: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a debilitating microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus that often progresses before becoming symptomatic, highlighting the importance of screening during comprehensive diabetes management. Therefore, we captured a snapshot of DN screening in a country caught in the whirlwind of a pandemic and a severe economic crisis limiting access to healthcare facilities and adherence to screening schedules. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study that assessed the adherence of 258 Lebanese patients with diabetes to the recommended DN screening guidelines in a tertiary medical center. Medical records were analyzed for patient demographics, medication profile and laboratory indicators of glycemic control, e.g. glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and kidney function. Results: Less than half of patients in our cohort screened for DN with almost two-thirds recording abnormal markers of kidney function. Only half of the screened cohort underwent follow-up testing. Multivariate analysis revealed that lower HbA1c, lower age, outpatient status and year of first abnormal HbA1c were independently associated with DN screening. Conclusion: National-scale interventions through funding an annual screening and awareness campaign, while institutional-level interventions by implementing a quality improvement process to detect and address gaps in practice, are needed to increase adherence to screening recommendations. Key Messages · What is already known on this topic– Diabetic Nephropathy (DN) is a rapidly progressive condition often detected at late stages, due to limited screening practices. Screening for DN has never been investigated in Lebanon, and the impact of the country’s multifaceted crisis on regular check-ups and screening practices remains unaddressed. · What this study adds – This study is the first to describe DN screening practices in Lebanon across times of crisis. · How this study might affect research, practice or policy- Both nat…
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Public Health Emergencies
  topic: category
subject: Diabetic Nephropathies
  topic: keywords
subject: Diabetes Mellitus
  topic: keywords
subject: Mass Screening
  topic: keywords
subject: Compliance
  topic: keywords
creator: Elio Issa
creator: Zeina Al Achkar
creator: Pascale Salameh
creator: Francesca El Choueiry
creator: Ramy Touma Sawaya
creator: Khodor Shbaklo
creator: Maryline Alhajj
creator: Ali Choaib
creator: Madona Azar
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-07-01
publication date: 2025-07-01
doi: 10.26738/poem.v3i1.58

Spinal Rosai-Dorfman Disease with Isolated Severe Neuropathic Pain: A Case Report
type: item
description: Introduction: Rosia-Dorfman disease is a rare histiocytic disorder that presents as generalized lymphadenopathy. Rarely, patients experience atypical extra-nodal manifestations which can mimic other diseases. Case Presentation: We report a challenging diagnosis of Rosai-Dorfman disease in a 52-year-old female presenting with isolated symptomatic neuropathic pain. After excluding common diseases, a challenging diagnosis was made based on imaging, CSF studies and clinical progression that showed thoracic spine involvement and emperipolesis confirming RDD diagnosis and with a great clinical response to corticosteroids. Discussion: Clinical, laboratory and radiologic manifestations of the disease can vary a lot depending on the areas involved and patient progression. This can lead to challenges in establishing the diagnosis and deciding on treatment. Then unusual, first reported manifestations in our patient made the diagnosis exceptionally challenging, highlighting the importance of this report. Conclusion: This disease can have an atypical presentation that should be detected early to avoid any delay in diagnosis or treatment. Unusual cases must be reported to aid in such a difficult diagnosis in future similar cases. Introduction Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD) is a rare non-neoplastic histiocytic disorder, also known as sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy. Histopathologically, RDD emperipolesis is seen as the phagocytosis of erythrocytes and lymphocytes without their destruction.<!-- [if supportFields]> ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"ngf2xvTk","properties":{"formattedCitation":"\\super 1\\nosupersub{}","plainCitation":"1","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":2597,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/11334842/items/W5NWWSQL"],"itemData":{"id":2597,"type":"article-journal","container-title":"Pediatric Radiology","note":"publisher-place: Washington","page":"425–432","title":"Sinus Histiocytosis with Massive Lymphadenopathy (Rosai-Dorfman Disease)",…
subject: Case Report
  topic: section
subject: Critical illness & sedation
  topic: category
subject: Rosai-Dorfman
  topic: keywords
subject: spinal
  topic: keywords
subject: neuropathic
  topic: keywords
subject: pain
  topic: keywords
subject: inflammation
  topic: keywords
subject: histiocyte
  topic: keywords
creator: Omar El Tarras
creator: Hilal Abdessamad
creator: Jonathan Mina
creator: Hussein Farhat
creator: Wassim Serhal
creator: Rola Husni
creator: Rima Moghnieh
creator: Jacques E. Mokhbat
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-09-13
publication date: 2024-09-13
doi: 10.26738/poem.v2i1.37

Post-COVID-19 Kawasaki-Like Vasculitis and Endocarditis: A Case Report
type: item
description: Background: Coronavirus Disease of 2019 (COVID-19) can cause mild to severe infection, but with a combination of inflammatory complications that target virtually anywhere in the body. Cardiac complications remain of utmost importance as they have the highest association with mortality. Case presentation: A 32-year-old male presents with a fever of unknown origin for a period of 3 months post SARS-CoV-2 infection. He was found to have endocarditis and underwent an aortic valve replacement that was complicated by an aortic aneurysm, needing another surgery. The fever and aneurysm remitted after a new COVID-19 infection and the patient underwent a Bentall procedure with reimplantation of the coronary arteries. Discussion: Cardiac complications of COVID-19 can range from small to large arteritis, valvopathy and aortic aneurysms, which can have significant morbidity and mortality, leading to the need of surgery and prolonged treatment. The scarcity of such cases makes reporting imperative so that clearer guidelines of management can be established. Conclusion: Cardiovascular complications of COVID-19 remain the scariest and the least reported, which necessitates the presence of more evidence of their management, which can be lifesaving. Introduction COVID-19 usually presents as upper respiratory infections and pneumonias triggering an inflammatory cascade that can be prolonged, in what is known as long COVID. This can manifest as autoimmune diseases, neurologic illness, cardiovascular disorders and others.<!-- [if supportFields]> ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"Iega9OAF","properties":{"formattedCitation":"[1, 2]","plainCitation":"[1, 2]","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":535,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/11334842/items/DX7JF2ZQ"],"itemData":{"id":535,"type":"article-journal","abstract":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, may result in multi-system pathology associated with the failure of multiple organ systems. The d…
subject: Case Report
  topic: section
subject: Critical illness & sedation
  topic: category
subject: COVID
  topic: keywords
subject: vasculitis
  topic: keywords
subject: Kawasaki
  topic: keywords
subject: inflammation
  topic: keywords
subject: arteritis
  topic: keywords
subject: surgery
  topic: keywords
creator: Hilal Abdessamad
creator: Charbel Saad
creator: Tarek Abou Saad
creator: Shaza Mortada
creator: Sarkis Ejbeh
creator: Richard Zalloum
creator: Rola Husni
creator: Jacques E. Mokhbat
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-09-11
publication date: 2024-09-11
doi: 10.26738/poem.v2i1.30

Hippocampus infarct following a posterior cerebral artery occlusion
type: item
description: A 64-year-old gentleman, presented for subacute onset of short-term memory problem, preceded by headache, right arm numbness and visual disturbances. On neurological exam, he had anterograde amnesia, decreased pinprick sensation on his right arm and right homonymous hemianopsia. Brain Magnetic Resonance imaging (MRI) and Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA) showed subacute ischemic lesions in the left occipital lobe, hippocampus and thalamus, caused by a distal occlusion of the left Posterior Cerebral Artery (PCA). A distal occlusion of the PCA led to multiple infarcts in different anatomical structures, causing a constellation of variant neurological signs. Our case demonstrates an anterior hippocampus predominantly irrigated by the PCA. Background The Hippocampus is mainly supplied by the PCA and to a lesser degree from the anterior choroidal artery.[2] Visual analysis with Diffusion-Weighted MRI (DWI) have identified 4 patterns of lesions affecting the hippocampus: complete, lateral, dorsal and circumscribed lesions in the lateral hippocampus.[3] The PCA strokes are associated with headaches, visual symptoms, sensory-motor symptoms and neuropsychological symptoms[5] headaches being the initial and most frequently seen manifestation of infarcts in the posterior rather than the anterior circulation.[6] Other associated symptoms of posterior strokes include dizziness, confusion, nausea and vomiting.[5] When the involved region is limited to the hippocampal area, amnesia and memory processing are mainly affected.[3] This amnesia is usually temporarily, not lasting more than 24 hours, and it is called Transient Global Amnesia (TGA).[7] The prevalence of an isolated acute stroke of the hippocampus is 0.03% in a case series of 6800 patients.[8] Ischemic lesions are well identified on DWI due to strong contrast between affected and unaffected tissues, which offers more details in stroke syndromes.[4] The isolated involvement of the hippocampal structures enlighten its im…
subject: Case Report
  topic: section
subject: Critical illness & sedation
  topic: category
subject: ischemic CVA
  topic: keywords
subject: Resuscitation
  topic: keywords
creator: Mahmoud El-Hussein
creator: Cima Hamieh
creator: Eric Revue
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-07-23
publication date: 2024-07-23
doi: 10.26738/poem.v2i1.29

Subarachnoid hemorrhage associated with ecstasy abuse in a young adult: a case report
type: item
description: 3,4-Methyl​enedioxy​methamphetamine (MDMA), is a synthetic amphetamine derivative. Its usage can be complicated by intracerebral or subarachnoid hemorrhage. Drug-related intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is a relatively uncommon occurrence, often associated with an underlying vascular anomaly, We report the case of a 28-year-old male with a history of Ecstasy abuse prior to the onset of a sever holocranial headache. Cerebral computed tomography angiography revealed a right sided sub-arachnoid hemorrhage and blood within all four ventricles, as well as a right sided pontine hematoma and an arteriovenous malformation. As the drug epidemic continues to worsen, it is important to take a full drug history in patients presenting with a severe headache, and to not overlook ICH as a potential complication of recreational drug abuse. Key Messages - MDMA abuse complicated with an intracerebral accident is a well-recognized entity, but intracerebral hemorrhage remains relatively uncommon. - We report the first case of ecstasy abuse complicated with intracerebral hemorrhage, to our knowledge, occurring in a in a young adult in Tunisia. - Patients presenting with severe headache and a history of drug abuse might be at risk of developing intracerebral hemorrhage. Introduction 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), is a synthetic amphetamine derivative.(1) It was first developed in 1912 and was popularized in the 1980s as a recreational street drug due to its strong empathogen as well as its stimulant and minor psychedelic properties.(1) It is usually taken orally in its tablet form (“Ecstasy”) or crystal form (“Molly” or “Mandy”). MDMA abuse is associated with multiple potentially life threatening complications.(1) Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), including intracerebral and subarachnoid hemorrhage, is a well-known yet relatively uncommon complication. Subsequent brain imaging often reveals an underlying vascular anomaly.(2–7) After a literature review using MeSH and keywords (MDMA,…
subject: Case Report
  topic: section
subject: Critical illness & sedation
  topic: category
subject: MDMA
  topic: keywords
subject: ecstasy
  topic: keywords
subject: arteriovenous malformation
  topic: keywords
subject: intracerebral hemorrhage
  topic: keywords
subject: case report
  topic: keywords
creator: Camillia Jeddi
creator: Marwane Bel Haj
creator: Mohamed Kilani
creator: Hafedh Thabet
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-06-11
publication date: 2024-06-11
doi: 10.26738/poem.v2i1.26

Mpox: Understanding the Outbreak
type: item
description: Mpox, formerly Monkeypox, is a viral illness caused by the Monkeypox virus. It was first discovered in 1958, and the first human infection was recorded in 1970.1 After that it caused several outbreaks, namely in 2003, 2021 and 2022.2There are 2 types of this virus, Clade I, the more severe form, and Clade II, the milder form.1 The 2022-2023 outbreak was caused by Clade II, but the 2024 outbreak is caused by Clade I, which has a case-fatality rate of around 10%.1,3 On Wednesday, August 14, 2024, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the spread of Clade1 to be a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC).4 This review will focus on what the clinician needs to know about mpox, and how to identify, manage and prevent it. Mpox, formerly Monkeypox, is a viral illness caused by the Monkeypox virus. This virus is a member of the Poxviridae family, which makes it closely related to the ancient extinct virus, Smallpox (variola).<!-- [if supportFields]> ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"FGAdQUza","properties":{"formattedCitation":"\\super 1\\nosupersub{}","plainCitation":"1","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":2890,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/11334842/items/NCSJQG9H"],"itemData":{"id":2890,"type":"article-journal","abstract":"First described in 1958, the human monkeypox virus (hMPXV) is a neglected zoonotic pathogen closely associated with the smallpox virus. The virus usually spreads via close contact with the infected animal or human and has been endemic mostly in ...","container-title":"Virus Research","DOI":"10.1016/j.virusres.2022.198932","language":"en","note":"PMID: 36165924","page":"198932","source":"pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov","title":"The virology of human monkeypox virus (hMPXV): A brief overview","title-short":"The virology of human monkeypox virus (hMPXV)","volume":"322","author":[{"family":"Lansiaux","given":"Edouard"},{"family":"Jain","given":"Nityanand"},{"family":"Laivacuma","given":"Sniedze"},{"family":"Reinis","given":"Aigar…
subject: Systematic review & Meta-analysis
  topic: section
subject: Public Health Emergencies
  topic: category
subject: Mpox
  topic: keywords
subject: Orthopoxvirus
  topic: keywords
subject: PHEIC
  topic: keywords
subject: Cladel
  topic: keywords
creator: Hilal Abdessamad
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-11-12
publication date: 2024-11-12
doi: 10.26738/poem.v2i1.42

The Epidemiology of Syphilis and Co-infection with HIV in a Tertiary Care Center in Lebanon: A Retrospective Review
type: item
description: Introduction: Syphilis is an ancient STI causing a new worldwide outbreak in general and in Lebanon specifically. Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review to assess the rate of syphilis increase in an infectious diseases clinic in Lebanon from 2006 to 2023. We studied the epidemiology of these cases, stage and treatment response and their association to HIV infection and its control. Results: There was an 862% increase in syphilis cases from 2006 to 2019.Most of our cases were middle aged men living with HIV. Most of them had well-controlled HIV infection with good CD4 counts. Most of the diagnosed cases of syphilis were primary and secondary, responding to penicillin G. Discussion: Our data mostly parallels international data, except for gender distribution. Despite successful treatment of most cases in our clinic, the alarming rise of new cases highlights the urgent need for public health measures to mitigate this epidemic. Conclusion: Inclusive awareness is needed to stop syphilis spread in Lebanon, and more screening is key in identifying new cases early for a successful eradication. Introduction Syphilis is a bacterial sexually transmitted disease. The disease starts as a painless sore on the genitalia, rectum, or mouth. Although the treatment of syphilis is simple, the co-infection of syphilis and the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) can have significant morbidity and sometimes mortality. <!-- [if supportFields]> ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"6BQJQDzg","properties":{"formattedCitation":"\\super 1\\nosupersub{}","plainCitation":"1","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":"ZDWdnF8m/SbUDOUCP","uris":["http://zotero.org/groups/5033608/items/JB6RXICK"],"itemData":{"id":306,"type":"article-journal","abstract":"OBJECTIVES: Co-infection of syphilis and HIV remains hard to manage and its morbidity shows a rising tendency. Syphilis has been associated with increased risk of HIV acquisition in high-risk groups, especially in men who have sex wit…
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Public Health Emergencies
  topic: category
subject: syphilis
  topic: keywords
subject: HIV
  topic: keywords
subject: STI
  topic: keywords
subject: transmission
  topic: keywords
subject: treatment
  topic: keywords
subject: epidemic
  topic: keywords
creator: Hilal Abdessamad
creator: Dalida El Khatib
creator: Moussa Hojeij
creator: Rana Asmar
creator: Julien Maamari
creator: Hicham Baba
creator: Rabih Ghazi
creator: Wael T Azzam
creator: Rola Husni
creator: Jacques E. Mokhbat
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Hilal Abdessamad, Dalida El Khatib, Moussa Hojeij, Rana Asmar, Julien Maamari, Hicham Baba, Rabih Ghazi, Wael T Azzam, Rola Husni, Jacques E. Mokhbat (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-09-19
publication date: 2024-09-19
doi: 10.26738/poem.v2i1.40

Bacteriophage-Based Treatment in Infectious Diseases: What Do We Know So Far? A Narrative Review
type: item
description: Purpose: To summarize the literature on bacteriophage use in human infection Methods: Using the MeSH terms “Phage” “Therapy”, “Treatment” “Outcome”, a search was performed in ScienceDirect, Scopus and Pubmed databases, including narrative review, systematic reviews and clinical trials, dating from 2020 till June 2023. A total of 191 articles and 389 articles were retrieved respectively from each database, which after duplication removal, added up to 505. After the primary screen, 131 texts were collected. Following that, a secondary ended up with 56 articles included. Conclusion: With the constant increase in antibiotic resistance, there is a need for newer antimicrobial agents, which led to the revival of bacteriophages. Due to advances in molecular microbiology, phages became a possibility that has proven itself promising. More studies and funding are needed towards this field, that offers us a promising salvation from the antimicrobial resistance pandemic. Introduction: Bacteriophages, which are viruses that selectively infect bacterial cells, are ubiquitous in the environment and exhibit extensive morphological and genomic diversity <!-- [if supportFields]> ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"tdCTl7xh","properties":{"formattedCitation":"\\super 1\\nosupersub{}","plainCitation":"1","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":1103,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/11334842/items/UV9M5H9G"],"itemData":{"id":1103,"type":"article-journal","abstract":"INTRODUCTION: The quest to combat bacterial infections has dreaded humankind for centuries. Infections involving ESKAPE (Enterococcus spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter spp.) impose therapeutic challenges due to the emergence of antimicrobial drug resistance. Recently, investigations with bacteriophages have led to the development of novel strategies against ESKAPE infections. Also, bacteriophages have been demonstrated to be instrument…
subject: Narrative Review
  topic: section
subject: Public Health Emergencies
  topic: category
subject: Resistance
  topic: keywords
subject: phage
  topic: keywords
subject: ESKAPE
  topic: keywords
subject: treatment
  topic: keywords
subject: bacteria
  topic: keywords
creator: Hilal Abdessamad
creator: Ahmad Afyouni
creator: Amarelle Chamoun
creator: Lara Dalal
creator: Macram Wakim
creator: Ali Toufaily
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-07-18
publication date: 2024-07-18
doi: 10.26738/poem.v2i1.38

Quality of life following Covid-19 vaccination in Lebanese adults
type: item
description: Background: This study investigates the quality of life (QoL) among individuals in Lebanon post-COVID-19 vaccination, focusing on various demographic and lifestyle factors influencing physical, psychological, social, and environmental health domains. Objective: To explore the associations between COVID-19 vaccination status and QoL across four sub-scales: physical health, psychological health, social relationships, and environmental quality, examining the impact of gender, tobacco and alcohol consumption, chronic diseases, physical activity, employment status, education level, geographic location, and marital status. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 507 Lebanese adults who completed a structured questionnaire. The questionnaire collected data on demographics, lifestyle factors, and QoL using a standardized measurement tool. Statistical analysis, including bivariate analysis, was performed to determine significant associations between independent variables and QoL scores across the four domains. Results: The majority of participants were female (71.6%), non-smokers (83%), and non-drinkers (76.7%). Most had no chronic diseases (83%), and 42.4% engaged in regular physical activity. High educational attainment (80.5% with graduate or professional degrees) and full-time employment (77%) were prevalent. Significant associations were found between gender and all QoL domains, with males reporting higher scores. Physical health scores were higher among non-drinkers, the physically active, independent workers, and vaccinated individuals. Psychological health was better in males, the physically active, and independent workers. Social relationships were stronger among males, independent workers, and those in relationships. Environmental quality was higher among males, non-drinkers, independent workers, and those with no formal education. Vaccination status positively influenced physical health and showed near-significant effects on social relationships a…
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Public Health Emergencies
  topic: category
subject: COVID-19 vaccination
  topic: keywords
subject: Quality of life (QoL)
  topic: keywords
subject: Lebanon
  topic: keywords
subject: Sociodemographic factors
  topic: keywords
subject: lifestyle factors
  topic: keywords
creator: Dunya Nohra
creator: Eid Charbel
creator: Nehme Maha
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-09-19
publication date: 2024-09-19
doi: 10.26738/poem.v2i1.34

Influenza Associated Pulmonary Aspergillosis: A Retrospective Study from a Tertiary Care Center in Lebanon
type: item
description: Introduction Influenza-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (IAPA) has been reported in multiple cohort studies, typically in the immunocompromised host. Limited data is available from the Middle Eastern region. Methods This is a retrospective study conducted at the American University of Beirut Medical Center (AUBMC) between January 1 2014 and March 1 2019, to describe the clinical characteristics, risk factors and outcomes of patients with influenza and invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA). Six hundred fifty six patients were admitted with influenza pneumonia. Data about positive cultures for Aspergillus sp. isolated from sputum, deep tracheal aspirates (DTA) or bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) or a positive aspergillus galactomannan test (GM) in serum or BAL was collected. Cases were identified based on the definitions and criteria for influenza and invasive aspergillosis suggested by the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer/Mycoses study Group (EORTC/MSG), EORTC/MSG intensive care unit (EORTC/MSGERC ICU) Working Group, and IAPA definition. Results Nine patients had a positive result for Aspergillus sp. in culture or GM. Based on the EORTC/MSG criteria, 7 patients were classified as probable cases of IPA, and one as a possible case. On the other hand, only 2 patients were classified as probable cases of invasive fungal infection (IFI) based on the IAPA criteria. Only 1 out of 9 patients died. There was a preponderance of aspergillosis among immunocompromised patients. Conclusion Our study showed that the incidence of IPA in influenza patients was low compared to the data reported from European countries. This calls for national and regional surveillance to better understand the epidemiological variation in the regions. Introduction The association between influenza and superimposed pulmonary aspergillosis has been described as early as 1979.[1] Influenza-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (IAPA) has been reported in multiple cohort studies.[2, 3…
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Public Health Emergencies
  topic: category
subject: Influenza
  topic: keywords
subject: Aspergillosis
  topic: keywords
subject: IPA
  topic: keywords
subject: IAPA
  topic: keywords
creator: Fatima Allaw
creator: Rozana El Eid
creator: Michel Almardini
creator: Nabih Habib
creator: Imad Bou Akl
creator: Aline El Zakhem
creator: Souha S. Kanj
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-07-18
publication date: 2024-07-18
doi: 10.26738/poem.v2i1.28